Prevalence and interventions for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents

Syed Shoeb Ali

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20253488

Authors

Syed Shoeb Ali Namma Clinic Rajapur, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20253488

Keywords:

Anxiety , Depression, Children, Adolescents, Prevalence, Interventions, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Systematic review, Mental health, Digital interventions

Abstract

Anxiety and depression rank among the most prevalent mental health disorders impacting children and adolescents globally, carrying significant consequences for development, academic achievement, and long-term well-being. It is essential to comprehend the prevalence and effectiveness of interventions to enhance mental health outcomes in this population. A systematic literature review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to identify peer-reviewed studies regarding the prevalence and interventions for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents, published from January 2015 to July 2025. Thorough searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO utilizing pertinent keywords. After removing 815 duplicates from a total of 2,147 records, 1,332 unique records underwent title/abstract screening and full-text assessment. Thirty studies meeting rigorous inclusion criteria were included in the final synthesis. The findings demonstrate a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents, with pooled rates varying from 13% to 25% across various countries and contexts. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been consistently recognized as the most effective intervention, demonstrating positive outcomes for anxiety and depressive symptoms. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and digital interventions offer supplementary advantages, especially for moderate-to-severe cases and in resource-limited environments. Nonetheless, disparities persist in access to care, management of comorbidities, and long-term outcomes. Anxiety and depression are common and frequently co-occur in young individuals; however, there are effective interventions available. Improving access to evidence-based therapies and expanding digital health options are critical measures to address unmet needs and enhance mental health in this vulnerable population.

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