Transfusion of red blood cell concentrates in children at Brazzaville University Hospital: epidemiological, clinical, and biological aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20253776Keywords:
Transfusion, Red blood cell concentrates, Children, UHC, BrazzavilleAbstract
Background: Objective was to study the transfusion practice of red blood cell concentrates (RBC) in children hospitalized in the pediatric departments of the Brazzaville University Hospital.
Methods: A single-center analytical cross-sectional study on RBC transfusion in children was carried out between November 2022 and October 2023 in the pediatric departments of Brazzaville University Hospital Centre (B-UHC). Children aged 1 month to 17 years, hospitalized for severe anemia who had received a RGC transfusion were included. The study variables were sociodemographic, clinical, biological, those linked to blood transfusion (BT) of RBC and progressive. The Chi square test and odds ratio were used with significance at p<0.05.
Results: A total of 300 patients (21.59%) were included, including 53% boys, sex ratio 1.13. The average age was 21.5 months (range 1 month and 17 years). Children aged 1 month to 5 years represented 49.3%. Sickle cell disease was the main cause of anemia: 57.6%. The average haemoglobin (Hb) level before transfusion was 5.9 g/dl. The most used blood was that of group O+. TS significantly improved Hb and hematocrit levels. Death occurred in 17% of cases linked to low socio-economic status (SES), a long time to transfusion and a Hb level <5 g/dl on admission.
Conclusions: TS of RGCs remains a very frequent activity in the pediatric environment of the Brazzaville University Hospital in relation to the prevalence of severe anemia. The prevention of the main pathologies causing severe anemia as well as the strengthening of the capacities of the National Blood Transfusion Centre (NBTC) remain the essential therapeutic weapons.
Metrics
References
Diouf JB, Sougou NM, Kane M, Sylla A, Ndiaye O. Blood Transfusion in children in Guédiawaye. Médecine d’Afrique Noire. 2018;6506:339-49.
Oumar S. Transfusion activity in the pediatric department of the hospital in Mali. General medicine practice theses. University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako. 2021. Available at: https://www.bibliosante.ml/handle/123456789/5196. Accessed on 12 September 2025.
World Health Organization (WHO). Universal Access to Safe Blood Transfusion. Department of Essential Health Technologies. Blood Transfusion Safety Unit. 2008;19. Available at: https://www. who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-EHT-08.03. Accessed on 12 September 2025.
Diouf S, Floquet M, Mbofung K, Ndiaye O, Brou K, Dupont C, et al. Prevalence and determinants of anemia in young children in French-speaking Africa. Role of iron deficiency. Arch Pediatr. 2015;22(11):1188-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2015.08.015
Ndiaye MM. Pratique de la transfusion érythrocytaire au centre hospitalier Albert Royer. Thèse N°130 Pour l’obtention du grade de Docteur en Médecine (Diplôme D’Etat). Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’odonto-stomatologie. Université Cheik Anta DIOP de Dakar. République du Sénégal. 2008.
Nabwera HM, Fegan G, Shavadia J, Denje D, Mandaliya K, Bates I, et al. Pediatric blood transfusion practices at a regional referral hospital in Kenya. Transfusion. 2016;56:2732-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.13774
Mimbila MM, Minto’o RS, Mintsa MNE, Kuissi KE, Bisvigou U, Koko J, et al. Indication and Outcomes of Paediatric Blood Transfusion at Three Hospitals in Gabon, Africa. Africa Sanguine. 2020;22:10-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/asan.v22i1.2
Okoko A, Galiba F, Moyen-Engoba, Oko A, Moyen G. activité transfusionnelle pédiatrique au CHU de Brazzaville, Sciences et Médecine, Rev. CAMES, Série A. 2008;6:30-3.
Djoudi R. Principes et spécificités Transfusion de l’utilisation des produits sanguins labiles chez l’enfant (à l’exclusion de la période néonatale). Hématologie. 2010;16:382-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1684/hma.2010.0438
Gustave MF, Hyppolite S, Ferdinand MK, Donatien KN, Desire MK. Evaluation de l’efficacité de la transfusion sanguine chez l’enfant à Kinshasa: expérience de trois formations médicales. Transfusion Clinique et Biologique. 2013;20:1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2013.03.248
Lepfoundzou Dzia A, Angounda BM, Niama FR, Gambicky R, Oko APG, Okoko AR, et al. Suivi Sérologique d’une Cohorte d’Enfants Transfusés au CHU de Brazzaville, Congo. Health Sci Dis. 2017;18:39-43.
Diakité AA, Konaté I, Sacko K, Diakité FL, Harber B, Traoré NL, et al. Causes infectieuses des anémies au CHU Gabriel Touré à Bamako au Mali. Revue malienne d’infectiologie et mibrobiologie. 2015;15:42-9.
Al-Saqladi AW M, Albanna TA. A Study of Blood Transfusion in Pediatric Patients at a Teaching Hospital, Aden, Yemen. Int J Clin Transfus Med. 2021;l9:1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJCTM.S293720
Salmon C, Julien AM. La transfusion sanguine homologue. In: Albert Najman, Elisabeth Verdy, Gérard Potron, Françoise Isnard Grivaux. Précis des maladies du sang. Tome II. Paris: Ellipses. 1994;626.
World Health Organization. Transfusion safety and blood supply. Available at: https://www.who.int/ fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blood-safety-and-availability. Accessed on 12 September 2025.
Abysina Soda M, Ngianga-Bakwin K, Kabali Hamuli E. Facteurs de risque de l’anémie des enfants en RDC: Approche de Régression logistique ordinale du Modèle du Poids d’échantillonnage des données complexes de l’EDS-RDC II. BHS. 2021;2:28-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21494/ISTE.OP.2021.0729
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
