Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated severe autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in children: a case report from a resource limited setting

Abstract

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia and respiratory tract infection in children. While traditionally known for its respiratory manifestations, extrapulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections are rare, particularly autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Emerging evidence suggests its association with AIHA in pediatric patients, especially with severe respiratory involvement. Here, we present a case of a child with cold AIHA secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection without marked pulmonary manifestations, from a resource limited setting, highlighting the importance of considering atypical presentations of this pathogen in pediatric patients. Understanding this association is crucial for timely diagnosis, appropriate management, and improved outcomes in affected children.