Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood - an atypical disease with typical manifestations: a rare case report

Navin Kumar; Seema Sharma; Abhinav Gautam

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242027

Authors

Navin Kumar Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7992-4520
Seema Sharma Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2809-9332
Abhinav Gautam Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242027

Keywords:

Acute necrotising encephalopathy, Encephalitis, Meningoencephalitis

Abstract

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare entity characterized by high grade fever, respiratory or gastrointestinal infection accompanying with rapid alteration of consciousness and/ or seizures. This case report will discuss the diagnostic approach in 2.5-year-old male child with fever, vomiting and altered sensorium. Empirical therapy for meningoencephalitis with supportive therapy was administered. Diagnostic approach of ANEC consists of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and neuroimaging interpretation. The patient had high liver enzyme, normal CSF analysis with appearances of edema, hemorrhage and necrosis with symmetrical lesion involving bilateral thalami in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

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