Diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasound in localization and status of non-palpable undescended testis in children

Khondaker M. Elahi; M. Shahjahan; M. Shah A. Talukder; Tammanna Ferdousi; Mohammad B. Hossain; Debasish Chakrabarty

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242008

Authors

Khondaker M. Elahi Department of Pediatric Surgery, Anower Khan Modern Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
M. Shahjahan Department of Pediatric Surgery, Anower Khan Modern Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
M. Shah A. Talukder Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery, Sheikh Fazilatunnessa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialized Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Tammanna Ferdousi Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sheikh Fazilatunnessa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialized Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad B. Hossain Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mymensing Medical College Hospital, Mymensing, Bangladesh
Debasish Chakrabarty Department of Pediatric Surgery Eastern Medical College Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242008

Keywords:

Non-palpable undescended testis, Ultrasound, Diagnosis, Children

Abstract

Background: In male children, undescended testes are a common genitourinary anomaly. Localization of the testis by clinical examination and most imaging studies. Ultrasonography and MRI play diagnostic era. The study goal was diagnostic accuracy of sonography to localization and status of non-palpable undescended testis.

Methods: This cross-sectional type of observational study was carried out from January 2018 to April 2019 (16 months duration) in the department of pediatric surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh. Among the 36 patients with non-palpable undescended testis who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients' medical histories were recorded in a data collection sheet following the parents or guardians informed written consent. Data was processed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24.

Results: Total 36 non palpable undescended testis patients were included in this study. Age range 6 months to 12 years with mean age of 3.06±2.58 years. Among 36 patients 20 were left sided, 10 were right sided and 6 were bilateral. Sonographic localization in inguinal canal were 20 (55.55%), proximal to deep ring were 8 (22.22%) superficial inguinal rings were 4 (11.11%) and unlocated 4 (11.11%). Per operative localization of testis in inguinal canal were 19 (52.78%) proximal to deep ring were 7 (16.66%), abdominal were 5 (13.88%), superficial inguinal ring was 3 (8.33%), and unlocated were 2 (5.55%). Mean length and breadth of per operative measurement of testes were 11.2±2.6 mm and 7.9±1.8 mm respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and efficacy of this study were 94.11%, 40%, 81.81% respectively.

Conclusions: Abdominoscrotal sonography is safe, non-invasive, accurate and bed side diagnostic tool in the detection of non-palpable testis in children.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Hutson MJ. Undescended testis, torsion and varicocele. Pediatr Surg. 2012;1003-19.

Rubin SZ, Mueller DL, Amundson GM, Wesenberg RL. Ultrasonography and the impalpable testis. Aust N Zeal J Surg. 1986;56(8):609-11.

Perez-Brayfield M, Kirsch AJ, Baseman AG. Pediatric Cryptorchidism Surgery. 2010. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1017420-overview?form=fpf. Accessed on 09 April 2024.

Daghighi MH, Fathi AH, Pourfathi H. Assessment of diagnostic value of sonography for cryptorchidism. J Diagnost Med Sonogr. 2006;22(1):42-7.

Diamond DA, Caldamone AA. The value of laparoscopy for 106 impalpable testes relative to clinical presentation. J Urol. 1992;148(2):632-4.

Komine S, Murayama M, Kinoshita N, Iguchi A, Nakamuta S, Masaki Z, et al. High resolution ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of the undescended testis in the inguinal region. Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica. 1988;34(2):305-8.

Weiss RM, Carter AR, Rosenfield AT. High resolution real-time ultrasonography in the localization of the undescended testis. J Urol. 1986;135(5):936-8.

Siemer S, Humke U, Uder M, Hildebrandt U, Karadiakos N, Ziegler M. Diagnosis of nonpalpable testes in childhood: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and laparoscopy in a prospective study. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2000;10(02):114-8.

Kirsch AJ, Escala J, Duckett JW, Smith GH, Zderic SA, Canning DA, et al. Surgical management of the nonpalpable testis: the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia experience. J Urol. 1998;159(4):1340-3.

Kanemoto K, Hayashi Y, Kojima Y, Maruyama T, Ito M, Kohri K. Accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of non‐palpable testis. Int J Urol. 2005;12(7):668-72.

Daghighi MH, Fathi AH, Pourfathi H. Assessment of diagnostic value of sonography for cryptorchidism. J Diagnost Med Sonogr. 2006;22(1):42-7.

Kogan SJ, Gill B, Bennett B, Smey P, Reda EF, Levitt SB. Human monorchism: a clinicopathological study of unilateral absent testes in 65 boys. J Urol. 1986;135(4):758-61.

Cain MP, Garra B, Gibbons MD. Scrotal-inguinal ultrasonography: a technique for identifying the nonpalpable inguinal testis without laparoscopy. J Urol. 1996;156(2S):791-4.

Adesanya OA, Ademuyiwa AO, Bode CO, Adeyomoye AA. Diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasound in localisation of the undescended testis in children. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2013;10(2):127-30.

Komine S, Murayama M, Kinoshita N, Iguchi A, Nakamuta S, Masaki Z, et al. High resolution ultrasound examination in the diagnosis of the undescended testis in the inguinal region. Hinyokika kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica. 1988;34(2):305-8.

Phewplung T, Mahayosnond A, Trinavarat P. Accuracy of ultrasound in pediatric undescended testes. Asian Biomed. 2010;4(6):983-6.