Umbilical hernia in pediatric patients attending outpatient department in tertiary care centre
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20241347Keywords:
Umbilical hernia, Prevalence, Risk factors, Abdominal painAbstract
Background: Umbilical hernias are estimated to affect 15% of children. Age, race, gestational age, and coexisting disorders are some of the variables that affect it. In comparison to the general population, there are greater incidences of connective tissue illnesses in children, premature delivery, low birth weight, syndromic newborns, black children, and children with pathologies that raise intraabdominal pressure. To determine the prevalence and to assess the risk factors of umbilical hernia in pediatric patients attending outpatient department (OPD) in tertiary care centre.
Methods: The present observational study was conducted in paediatric OPD, of a tertiary care centre over a period of one year. A total of 100 study subjects were enrolled with suspected umbilical hernia. The data was collected with the help of a structured clinical proforma and analysed with SPSS version 20.0.
Results: In our study the most prevalent age group involved being 0-1 years (6%) followed by 8-10 years (3%) and 2-4 years (2%). Umbilical hernia was seen more in males (64%) than females. Low birth weight (81%), premature delivery (54.54%), and undernutrition (90.9%) were the risk factors that were observed to be associated with the development of umbilical hernia.
Conclusions: The study concluded that the overall prevalence of umbilical hernia was 11% and the associated risk factors were premature delivery, low birth weight and poor nutrition.
References
Woods GE. Some observations on umbilical hernia in infants. Arch Dis Child. 1953;28(142):450-62.
Hegazy AA. Anatomy and embryology of umbilicus in newborns: a review and clinical correlations. Front Med. 2016;10(3):271-7.
Papagrigoriadis S, Browse DJ, Howard ER. Incarceration of umbilical hernias in children: a rare but important complication. Pediatr Surg Int. 1998;14(3):231.
Zendejas B, Kuchena A, Onkendi EO, Lohse CM, Moir CR, Ishitani MB, et al. Fifty- three-year experience with pediatric umbilical hernia repairs. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46(11):2151–6.
Meier DE, OlaOlorun DA, Omodele RA, Nkor SK, Tarpley JL. Incidence of umbilical hernia in african children: Redefinition of “normal” and reevaluation of indications for repair. World J Surg. 2001;25(5):645–8.
Umbilical hernia. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Available at: https://www.chop. edu/conditions-diseases/umbilical-hernia. Accessed on 01 April 2024.
Lassaletta L, Fonkalsrud EW, Tovar JA, Dudgeon D, Asch MJ. The management of umbilicial hernias in infancy and childhood. J Pediatr Surg. 1975;10(3):405-9.
Burcharth J, Pedersen MS, Pommergaard HC, Bisgaard T, Pedersen CB, Rosenberg J. The prevalence of umbilical and epigastric hernia repair: a nationwide epidemiologic study. Hernia. 2015;19(5):815-9.
Evans AG. The Comparative Incidence of Umbilical Hernias in Colored and White Infants. J Natl Med Assoc. 1941;33(4):158-60.
Ahmed IH. Prevalence and risk factors for incarceration in children managed for umbilical hernia at Kenyatta National Hospital. Master of Medicine in Paediatric Surgery Thesis. University of Nairobi. 2021. Available at: http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/160697/Ismail_Prevalence%20and%20Risk%20Factors%20for%20Incarceration%20in%20Children%20Managed%20for%20Umbilical%20Hernias%20at%20Kenyatta%20National%20Hospital.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed on 01 April 2024.
