Morbidity and mortality profile of neonates: a five-year retrospective study in a tertiary care neonatal unit in Kolkata

Suvashri Sasmal; S. K. Md Habibullah; Asha P. Shetty; Bijan Saha; Suchandra Mukherjee

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240099

Authors

Suvashri Sasmal Ph.D. Nursing Scholar of National Consortium for Ph.D. in Nursing, Indian Nursing Council, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
S. K. Md Habibullah Department of Neonatology, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-5713
Asha P. Shetty Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-4722
Bijan Saha Department of Neonatology, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Suchandra Mukherjee Department of Neonatology, IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-3738

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240099

Keywords:

Anomaly, Morbidity, Mortality, Neonate, Profile

Abstract

Background: Neonatal mortality and morbidity pattern reflects a nation's efficiency and effectiveness of health care services. There is a paucity of reliable data in India on this, while India Newborn Action Plan (INAP) targets single digit neonatal mortality by 2030. Aim was to identify the morbidity and mortality profile of neonates admitted to a tertiary neonatal care unit.

Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care neonatal unit in Kolkata. Data of neonates admitted in this unit were extracted from admission, discharge, and death registers, compiled, and analyzed from January 2015 to December 2019. Neonates brought dead to the unit were excluded.

Results: A total of 10301 neonates were admitted during the study period of which 75.05% were inborn. Most of them were male (55.46%) and only 0.70% had differential sexual disorders. A total of 709 deaths were recorded during the study period equating to a rate of 6.9 deaths per 100 neonatal admissions. The major cause of admission was neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (19.30%) followed by congenital anomalies (11.15%), respiratory distress syndrome (10.58%), prematurity (9.72%), and birth weight <1800 grams. (9.51%), perinatal asphyxia (8.11%) and maternal sickness (8.09%). Among congenital anomalies, anomalies related to the gastrointestinal system were most frequent (30.81%). Congenital anomalies (29.9%) were the leading cause of neonatal mortality followed by perinatal asphyxia (17.07%).

Conclusions: The commonest causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality were congenital anomalies. Thus, special focus has to be given to the management of congenital malformation in tertiary care units.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Sankar MJ, Natarajan CK, Das RR, Agarwal R, Chandrasekaran A, Paul VK. When do newborns die? A systematic review of timing of overall and cause-specific neonatal deaths in developing countries. J Perinatol. 2016;36(1):S1-S11.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Care of small and sick newborns in SNCUs of India. 2016:1-140.

Neogi SB, Malhotra S, Zodpey S, Mohan P. Assessment of special care newborn units in India. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011;29(5):500-9.

Kumar P, Singhal N. Mapping neonatal and under-5 mortality in India. Lancet. 2020;395(10237):1591-93.

Saini N, Chhabra S, Chhabra S, Garg L, Garg N. Pattern of neonatal morbidity and mortality: a prospective study in a district hospital in urban India. J Clin Neonatol. 2016;5(3):183-8.

Kotwal YS, Yatoo GH, Ahmed Jan FA. Morbidity and mortality among neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital of Jammu and Kashmir (India). Neonat Pediatr Med. 2017;3(2):136-9.

Verma J, Anand S, Kapoor, N, Gedam S, Patel U. Neonatal outcome in new-borns admitted in NICU of tertiary care hospital in central India: a 5-year study. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2018;5(4):1364-67.

Panda PK, Panda PK. Clinical profile and outcome of newborns admitted to a secondary level neonatal intensive care unit in tribal region of Odisha. J Clin Neonatol. 2019;8(3):155-61.

Gunasekhar RS, Rao SS. A study of neonatal morbidity and mortality in government general hospital, Srikakulam Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2019;6:1485-90.

Kumar S, Ahmed M, Anand S. Morbidity and mortality patterns of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in tertiary care hospital, Bhopal. Pediatr Rev: Int J Pediatr Res. 2016;3(776):e80.

Dhawale P, Mohanty NC. Morbidity and mortality of NICU graduates-one year follow-up. NIJP: 2016;5:61-66.

Malik S, Gohiya P, Khan IA. Morbidity profile and mortality of neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Central India Teaching Institute: a prospective observational study. J Clin Neonatol. 2016;5(3):168-73.

Baruah MN, Panyang PP. Morbidity and mortality profile of newborns admitted to the special care newborn unit (SCNU) of a teaching hospital of upper Assam, India- a three year study. J Med Sci Clin Res. 2016;4(8):1689-95.

Sharma VM, Airao BB, Zala RA, Pandya MR. Pattern of various congenital anomalies: A hospital based study. Ind J Obstet Gynecol Res. 2018;5:549-52.

Patil R, Koppad R, Shreeshail B. Clinical profile and. outcome of babies admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Mc Gann Teaching Hospital. Shivamogga, Karnataka: a longitudinal study. Sch J App Med Sci. 2014;2(6G):357-60.

Modi R, Modi B, Patel JK, Punitha KM. Study of the morbidity and the mortality pattern in the neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Gandhinagar District, Gujarat, India. J Res Med Den Sci. 2015;3(3):208-12.

Baghel B, Sahu A, Vishwanadham K. Pattern and admission and outcome of neonates in NICU of Tribal region Bastar, India. Int J Med Res Prof. 2016;2(6):147-50.

Sankar VH, Uma T, George S, Vasu AK, Kumar S, Santhoshkumar A, et al. Pattern of congenital abnormalities in a tertiary hospital and its impact on neonatal mortality. Ind J Child Health. 2017;4(4):599-602.

Ranjan A, Singh A. Pattern of morbidity and mortality of neonates admitted in tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit in Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2016;3(3):854-57.

Reyes JC, Ramírez RP, Ramos LL, Ruiz LG, Vázquez EB, Patino VR. Neonatal mortality and associated factors in newborn infants admitted to a Neonatal Care Unit. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2018;116(1):42-8.

Elizabeth IU, Oyetunde MO. Pattern of diseases and care outcomes of neonates admitted in special Care Baby Unit of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from 2007 To 2011. J Nurs Health Sci. 2015;4(3):62-71.