The epidemiology of neonatal respiratory distress in a tertiary care neonatal Centre Kashmir India

Gaurav; Suhail Ahmad Naik; Syed Tariq Ahmad

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231839

Authors

Gaurav Department of Pediatrics, Government College of Medicine, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Suhail Ahmad Naik Department of Pediatrics, Government College of Medicine, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Syed Tariq Ahmad Department of Pediatrics, Government College of Medicine, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231839

Keywords:

TTN, RDS, MAS, Neonate, Respiratory distress

Abstract

Background: Respiratory distress is most common cause of neonatal admission to NICU and has different etiologies with similar clinical presentation. Early diagnosis of specific cause for respiratory distress is very important as different etiologies have different specific treatment and require altogether different ventilatory strategies. Objectives were to study the demographic and etiological profile of neonatal respiratory distress.

Method: Hospital based prospective observational study conducted in department of pediatrics, associated hospital of GMC Srinagar.

Results: Respiratory distress was more common in males 56.30%, frequency of prematurity was 68% and most common mode of delivery lower section caesarian section (LSCS) 69.10%. Different maternal risk factors associated with adverse outcome premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (37.7%), meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) (34.60%), maternal hypertension (31.50%), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (26.9%). Common causes for respiratory distress in neonate were transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) (22.0%), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (20%), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (16.90%), sepsis (14%) and perinatal asphyxia (12%).

Conclusions: Early diagnosis of specific cause for respiratory distress is very important as different etiologies have different specific treatment and require altogether different ventilatory strategies. The TTN was the most common cause of distress in term newborns, followed by perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration, neonatal sepsis, and congenital heart diseases (CHD). Therefore, timely diagnosis and management of these conditions is very imperative to discharge an intact neonate from the NICU.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Parkash A, Haider N, Khoso ZA, Shaikh AS. Frequency, causes and outcome of neonates with respiratory distress admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015;65(7):771-5.

Ersch J, Roth-Kleiner M, Baeckert P, Bucher HU. Increasing incidence of respiratory distress in neonates. Acta Pediatr. 2007;96(11):1577-81.

Pramanik AK, Rangaswamy N, Gates T. Neonatal respiratory distress: a practical approach to its diagnosis and management. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2015;62(2):453-69.

Qian LL, Liu CQ, Guo YX. Current status of neonatal acute respiratory disorders: a one-year prospective survey from a Chinese neonatal network. Chi Med J. 2010;123(20):2769-75.

Hermansen CL, Mahajan A. Newborn Respiratory Distress. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(11):994-1002.

Warren JB, Anderson JM. Newborn respiratory disorders. Pediatr Rev. 2010;31(12):487-95.

Nahar, Begum S. Neonatal Sepsis in A Tertiary Care Hospital: Evaluation of Causative Agents and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities. Bangladesh J Child Health. 2013;37:14-7.

Girish N, Santosh S, Keshavamurthy S. Evolving trends: hyperbilirubinemia among newborns delivered to rh negative mothers in southern India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(11):2508-610.

Kommawar A. Study of respiratory distress in newborn. Int J Contemporary Ped. 2017;4:490-94.

Ward RM, Benjamin D, Barrett JS, Allegaert K, Portman R, Davis JM, Turner MA. Safety, dosing, and pharmaceutical quality for studies that evaluate medicinal products (including biological products) in neonates. Pediatr Res. 2017;81(5):692-711.

Kumar V, Mohanty S, Kumar A, Misra RP, Santosham M, Awasthi S et al. Effect of community-based behaviour change management on neonatal mortality in Shivgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372(9644):1151-62.

Islam, Sabibahul AK, Bora R, Paul N, Ramasamy S. Pattern of Respiratory Problems in Neonates in a Level III Neonatal Care Unit with Special Reference to Pneumonia. Indian J Neonatal Med Res. 2016;4:PO01-5.

Pramanik AK, Rangaswamy N, Gates T. Neonatal respiratory distress: a practical approach to its diagnosis and management. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2015;62(2):453-69.