A rare case of acute necrotising encephalitis: a case report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231782Keywords:
ANEC, Radiological imaging, Steroids, ImmunotherapyAbstract
Acute necrotising encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare brain disorder that occurs most commonly after viral infection, predominantly seen in countries like Japan and Taiwan. The goal of this article is to discuss a case of ANEC and highlight the need for early intervention and treatment, as the prognosis is usually poor. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and radiological imaging- which shows the involvement of multiple parts of brain matter. There are no standardised guidelines for management, however, most literature supports emphasis on infection control, steroids for neuroprotection, and immunotherapy. Prompt intervention can prevent rapid neurological decline- which is seen in many cases.
References
Hassanzadeh Rad A, Aminzadeh V. Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy of Childhood (ANEC): A Case Report. Iran J Child Neurol. 2017;11(1):75-7.
Mizuguchi M. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: a novel form of acute encephalopathy prevalent in Japan and Taiwan. Brain Dev. 1997;19(2):81-92.
Lee YJ, Hwang SK, Kwon S. Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Children: a Long Way to Go. J Korean Med Sci. 2019;34(19).
Skelton BW, Hollingshead MC, Sledd AT, Phillips CD, Castillo M. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: typical findings in an atypical disease. Pediatr Radiol. 2008;38(7):810-3.
Ho JHY, Lee CYM, Chiong YK, Aoyama R, Fan LJ, Tan AHS, et al. SARS-CoV-2-Related Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy of Childhood With Good Response to Tocilizumab in an Adolescent. Pediatr Neurol. 2023;139:65-9.
Bashiri FA, Al Johani S, Hamad MH, Kentab AY, Alwadei AH, Hundallah K et al. Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy of Childhood: A Multicenter Experience in Saudi Arabia. Front Pediatr. 2020;8.
Goo HW, Choi CG, Yoon CH, Ko TS. Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Diffusion MR Imaging and Localized Proton MR Spectroscopic Findings in Two Infants. Korean J Radiol. 2003;4(1):61.
Yuan P, Zhong M. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in children: A case report and literature review. Environ Dis. 2018;3(4):83.
