Risk factors, causes and hospital outcome of respiratory distress among neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital

Nilufar Yeasmin; Wahida Khanam; Rubiya Parvin; Mohammad Ahad Adnan; Md. Iqbal Hossain; Md. Tariqul Islam Mondal; Rumana Islam

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231137

Authors

Nilufar Yeasmin 100 Bedded District Hospital, Narsingdi, Bangladesh
Wahida Khanam Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Rubiya Parvin Department of Neonatology, ICMH, Matuail, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Ahad Adnan Department of Pediatrics, ICMH, Matuail, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Md. Iqbal Hossain 250 Bedded Sadar Hospital, Bandarban, Bangladesh
Md. Tariqul Islam Mondal Pirganj Upazila Health Complex, Rangpur, Bangladesh
Rumana Islam Department of Pediatrics, ICMH, Matuail, Dhaka, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231137

Keywords:

Respiratory distress, Neonate, Risk factors, NICU

Abstract

Background: Respiratory distress is the most frequent cause of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Despite tremendous advancement in the management, it is still a major cause perinatal deaths particularly in this part of world. Objective were to determine the risk factors, causes and outcome of respiratory distress in neonates admitted in a NICU.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in NICU of institute of child and mother health, Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021. Total 78 newborns aged below 28 days admitted with respiratory distress were enrolled. Respiratory distress was categorized as mild, moderate and severe according to Downe’s scoring.

Results: Most of the babies (78.2%) belonged to age group ≤24 hours. The leading causes of distress in preterm were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and that in term were perinatal asphyxia (PNA) and transient tachypnoea of neonates (TTN), both with statistical significance. Pneumonia, sepsis, congenital heart disease (CHD) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) were among the other important causes. There was no significant difference between mode of respiratory support and length of hospital stay with the outcome of neonates. Severe respiratory distress was significantly associated with poor outcome. Majority 64 (82.1%) of babies were discharged, 12(15.4%) neonates succumbed to death and 2(2.6%) babies were referred.

Conclusions: PNA, TTN, RDS, pneumonia, sepsis, CHD and MAS were the predominant causes of NICU admission with respiratory distress. Severe respiratory distress was single most association with poor outcome.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Kleigman RM, St Geme, Blum N, Shah S, Tasker R, Wilson 2020. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 21st edition. Part-XI, Chapter 122, Respiratory Tract Disorders. 2020;3987-95.

Santosh S, Kushal KK, Adarsha E. A clinical study of respiratory distress in newborn and its outcome. Indian J Neonatal Med Res. 2013;1(1):2-4.

National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), 2020. Bangladesh-Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-2018. 2020;1-12.

Kam KI, Ye D, Sawadogo A, Sanou I, Traore A, Koueta F et al. Les Détresses Respiratoires du nouveau-né dans L'unité de Néonatologie du centre hospitalier National de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Burkina Méd. 1998;2(1):44-7.

Kommawar A, Borkar R, Vagha J, Lakhkar B, Meshram R, Taksandae A. Study of respiratory distress in newborn. Int J Contemporary Pediatr. 2017;4(2):490-94.

Haque A, Baki M, Begum T, Akhter S, Begum S, Nahar N. Etiology of respiratory distress in newborn experience in BIRDEM. BIRDEM Med J. 2013;3(1):19-22.

Vohra R, Singh V, Bansal M. Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Involvement in Birth Asphyxia. Academic J Pediatr Neonatol. 2018;6(4):74-8.

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Management Protocol of Newborn, Department of Noenatology. 2016;183-6.

Baseer KAA, Mohamed M, Abd-Elmawgood EA. Risk factors of respiratory diseases among neonates in neonatal intensive care unit of Qena University hospital, Egypt. Ann Global Heal. 2020;86(1):1-9.

John BM, Venkateshwar V, Dagar V. Predictors of Outcome in Neonates with Respiratory Distress. J Nepal Paediatr Society, 2015;35(1):31-7.

Gouyon JB, Ribakovsky C, Ferdynus C, Quantin C, Sagot P, Gouyon B et al. Severe respiratory disorders in term neonates. Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol. 2008;22(1):22-30.

Rakholia R, Rawat V, Bano M, Singh G. Neonatal morbidity and mortality of sick newborns admitted in a teaching hospital of Uttarakhand. CHRISMED. J Heal Res. 2014;1(4):228-34.

Quian L, Liu C, Guo Y. Current status of neonatal acute respiratory disorders: a one-year prospective survey from a Chinese neonatal network. Chin Med J. 2010;123:2769-75.

Raha BK, Alam MJ, Bhuiyan MAQ. Spectrum of Respiratory Distress in Newborn: A Study From a Tertiary Care Military Hospital. J Bangla College of Physicians Surgeons. 2017;39(1):4-8.

Chandrasekhar R, Mohan MM, Lakshmi BV. Clinical study of respiratory distress in newborn. Int J Contemporary Pediatr. 2016;10:2349-91.

Sathenahalli V, Dwivedi D, Bajaj N, Singh H. Predictors of poor outcome in neonates with respiratory distress. Int J Contemporary Pediatr. 2016;3(1):76-9.