Perinatal outcome of neonates born to COVID SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers: a comparative study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20230682Keywords:
APGAR score, COVID-19, Neonatal morbidity, Neonatal mortality, SARS-CoV-2Abstract
Background: The entire world is experiencing a difficult scenario because of COVID-19 infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). It is imperative to have comprehensive information on how COVID-19 affects pregnancy-related outcomes when compared to outcomes in uninfected pregnant women.
Methods: Neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers were included in the case group (n=127) and neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 negative mothers were included in the control group (n=127) in this prospective comparative study. In both groups, the mothers were matched for age, body mass index (BMI), morbidities, and parity. Neonatal morbidity and mortality in both groups were examined after neonates were monitored for 7 days after delivery.
Results: Neonatal morbidity was more among neonates born to COVID positive mothers (p<0.05) but mortality did not show any significant difference. There was statistically significant difference in gestation and birth weight among cases and controls. No neonate born to COVID positive mother was tested positive for COVID by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Mean APGAR score at 1min was less among neonates born to COVID positive mothers but at 5 minutes it was almost similar among both groups.
Conclusions: According to the study's findings, maternal COVID-19 infection significantly affects perinatal outcomes, neonatal morbidity, birth weight, and neonate gestational age.
Metrics
References
Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):565-74.
Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, Zhao J, Liu H, Peng J, Li Q. et al. Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(2):e16-25.
Sankar MJ, Neogi SB, Sharma J, Chauhan M, Srivastava R, Prabhakar PK, et al. State of newborn health in India. J Perinatol. 2016;36(S3):S3-8.
Di Toro F, Gjoka M, Di Lorenzo G, De Santo D, De Seta F, Maso G, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(1):36-46.
Elshafeey F, Magdi R, Hindi N, Elshebiny M, Farrag N, Mahdy S, et al. A systematic scoping review of COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020;150(1):47-52.
Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020;395(10226):809-15.
World data Atlas-India-demographics-fertility India. Mean age of childbearing. 2019. Available at: https://knoema.com/atlas/India/topics/ Demographics/Fertility/Age-of-childbearing. Accessed on 08 December 2022.
Debrabandere ML, Farabaugh DC, Giordano C. A Review on mode of delivery during COVID-19 between December 2019 and April 2020. Am J Perinatol. 2021;38(4):332-41.
Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Saccone G, Rizzo G, Buca D, Liberati M. Outcome of corona virus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;2(2):100107.
Giuliani F, Oros D, Gunier RB, Deantoni S, Rauch S, Casale R. Effects of prenatal exposure to maternal COVID-19 and perinatal care on neonatal outcome: results from the INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227(3):488.e1-17.
Giuliani F, Oros D, Gunier RB, Deantoni S, Rauch S, Casale R. Effects of prenatal exposure to maternal COVID-19 and perinatal care on neonatal outcome: results from the INTERCOVID Multinational Cohort Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227(3):488.e1-17.
More K, Chawla D, Murki S, Tandur B, Deorari AK, Kumar P. Outcomes of neonates born to mothers with Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - National Neonatology Forum (NNF) India COVID-19 registry. Indian Pediatr. 2021;58(6):525-31.
Panda SK, Mishra A, Pathak M. Clinical outcome of neonates born to SARS- CoV-2 positive mothers in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus. 2022;14(3):e22958.
Rani M, Khan MNA, Ahmad S, Maroof M, Pant P, Awasthi S. Study of clinico-epidemiological profile of COVID-19 positive pregnant females in a tertiary care hospital of Kumaon region. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022;11(1):336-9.
Villar J, Ariff S, Gunier RB, Thiruvengadam R, Rauch S, Kholin A. Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality among pregnant women with and without COVID-19 infection: The INTERCOVID multinational cohort study: The INTERCOVID multinational cohort study. J Am Med Assoc Pediatr. 2021;175(8):817-26.
Gurol-Urganci I, Jardine JE, Carroll F, Draycott T, Dunn G, Fremeaux A. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of birth in England: national cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;225(5):522.e1-11.
Plotzker RE, Sowunmi S, Eckert V, Barnes E, Ngo V, Stockman LJ, et al. Second and third trimester fetal death in the setting of COVID-19: A California 2020 case series: A California 2020 case series. Matern Fetal Med. 2022;4(2):127-9.