Clinico-etiological profile of first episode of seizure and its correlation with electroencephalogram in children aged 2 months to 18 years
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20214155Keywords:
Afebrile seizure, EEG, MeningitisAbstract
Background: Seizure is one of the commonest neurological illnesses. About 4-10% of children experience at least one episode in the first 16 years of life. Approximately 30% of children who experience, first afebrile seizure later develop epilepsy. Risk is approximately 20% if neurological examination, electroencephalogram (EEG) and neuroimaging is normal. The objective of the study is to determine the age of onset, etiology of first episode of seizure in children between the age group of 2 months to 18 years and the pattern of EEG changes in the above group of children.
Methods: In a prospective single centre observational study at Cheluvamba tertiary care hospital in Mysore, around 80 children who were admitted with first episode of afebrile seizure to our emergency department between October-2020 to July-2021 (10 months) were studied. Seizures defined using international league against epilepsy (ILAE) and EEG was done for all 80 children and their records were analysed.
Results: A total of 80 children presenting with first episode of seizure were included in the study. Toddlers represented the major portion of our study with male gender predominance. Idiopathic seizure was the most common etiology identified (81.2%), followed by meningitis (7.5%). EEG abnormality was seen in 58.7% of the children which was statistically significant (p<0.05). MRI was done in 72.5% of the children, of which abnormality was seen in only 8.6% of the children.
Conclusions: Seizure is mainly diagnosed clinically and EEG can be normal in many children. First episode of seizure is common in the age group of 1-3 years. Normal EEG at present may not indicate the non-recurrence in future. Though EEG interpretation is useful, treatment can be started based on clinical diagnosis and has to be individualized.
References
Vykuntaraju K, Preeti K, Naveen B, Asha B. Etiological Profile of Afebrile Seizures in Infants in a Tertiary Care Centre from southern India. J Paediatr Neurosci. 2019;4(2):82-5.
Prasanna R, Shekar P, Fayrouz M. Etiology, clinical profile and outcome of first episode of seizure in children. Int J Contemp Pediatr 2019;6(3):1218-22.
Rupa DS, Shashank S. A Hospital based study on Clinicotiological Profile of Seizures in Children Kanpur, U.P. India. Int J Contemporary Med Res. 2016;3(10):3003-07.
Abdulhafeez MK, Khalid I, Rana A, Ahmed V, Dala E, Khalid Md. EEG profile and yield in evaluation of first non-febrile seizures in children First observational study in Qatar. J Neurophysiol. 2015;6:330.
Ojha AR, Aryal UR. Clinicoetiological profile of children with seizures admitted in a tertiary care centre. J Katmandu Med College. 2015;4(2):55-8.
Choudary N, Gupta MM, Shreshta S, Pathak S. Clinicodemographic Profile of Children with Seizures in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Neurol Reas Int. 2017;2017:1524548.
Mogre SS. A prospective study on Profile of children admitted with seizures in a tertiary care hospital in Punjab India. Int J Health Clin Res. 2021;4(3):282-5.
Babu VSB, Ascharya CH, Radhika J, Rani SK, Chandana T, Ramana VP. Clinical and Etiological Correlation of Seizures in Children from Birth to 18 Years of Age and Immediate Treatment Outcome. J Dental Med Sci. 2018;17(8):73-82.
Shivaprakash NC, Ahmed T, Rao RC. Profile of children admitted with seizures to tertiary care rural hospital in Mandya district. Int J Pediatr Res. 2015;2(4):111-5.
Chib R, Devi M. Profile of children with seizures in a tertiary care hospital at VCSGGIMS and R Srinagar Pauri, Gharwal, Uttarakhand, India. Int J Contemporary Pediatr. 2019;6(3):1113-8.
Adhikari S, Sathien B, Prasad D, Seshagiri Rao K. Profile of children admitted with seizures in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:43.
Chun-Yu C, Yu-Jun C, Han-Ping W. New-onset Seizures in Pediatric Emergency. Pediatr Neonatol. 2010;51(2):103-11.
