A study to identify knowledge, attitude and practices prevalent amongst the caregivers of children below five years presenting with acute diarrhoea in a tertiary care centre

Poorva Gohiya; Varsha Shrivastava; Swetleena Mandavi; Rashmi Dwivedi

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202148

Authors

Poorva Gohiya Department of Pediatrics, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Varsha Shrivastava Department of Pediatrics, LN Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Swetleena Mandavi Department of Pediatrics, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Rashmi Dwivedi Department of Pediatrics, LN Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202148

Keywords:

Bottle feeding, Hand-washing, Illiteracy, Mother, ORS

Abstract

Background: Diarrhoeal infections are the second leading cause of death worldwide in under-five children covering 9% of the total deaths. The objective of the study was to assess and compare mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention and management of diarrhoea in children.

Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based observational study was conducted in a tertiary centre amongst all 356 children between age group 2 months to 60 months admitted with acute watery diarrhea. A pre-tested questionnaire and face-to-face interviews with the mothers was used as a data collection tool.

Results: Most of the mothers 282 (79.2%) were 20-30-year-old, 51.4% were illiterate, 57.3% were unemployed and 27.2% were daily wage labourers. 44.6% people came from rural background and 78.9% belonged to lower socio-economic strata. 30.3% were exclusively breastfed and 69.7% were on top feeds. Animal milk was taken by 62.1%, 46.6% had dilution and 50.6% used bottles for feeding. 70.5% of mothers washed their hands at the time of feeding of their child, 93.8% mother covered food in their houses while only 26.7% of mothers gave freshly cooked food. Mother’s outlook on various aspects of diarrhea was sought. Very few mothers considered poor sanitation (2.5%) and

contaminated water (12.6%) as a source of diarrhea. Only 8.7% mothers knew about the role of ORS in diarrhea and maximum (53.4%) considered that diarrhea could not be avoided by any measure.

Conclusions: Mother’s knowledge regarding causes, management and prevention of diarrhea needs to be upgraded to allow better utilisation of health resources by the families.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

WHO diarrheal diseases factsheets. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/ Accessed 18 July 2018.

CDC mortality statistics. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/mvsr/supp/mv23_11s2acc.pdf Accessed 28 August 2018.

Kumar SG, Subitha L. Diarrheal diseases in developing countries: a situational analysis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2012 Apr-Jun;10(38):83-8.

Ghishan FK. Chronic Diarrhoea. In: Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton. Nelson textbook of Paediatrics. 18th ed. South Asia SA Volume 2 Elsevier; 1621-1626.

Srivastav A, Jagadisan B, Yachha SK. Diseases of Gastrointestinal System and Liver. Ghai textbook of Paediatrics. 9th ed. New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd; 2019:287-296.

Diouf K, Tabatabai P, Rudolph J, Marx M. Diarrhoea prevalence in children under five years of age in rural Burundi: an assessment of social and behavioural factors at the household level. Glob Health Action. 2014;7.

Khalili M, Mirshahi M, Zarghami A, Rajabnia Chenari M, Farahmand F. Maternal Knowledge and Practice Regarding Childhood Diarrhea and Diet in Zahedan. Iran Health Scope. 2013;2(1):19-24.

Ghasemi AA, Talebian A, Masoudi Alavi N, Mousavi GA. Knowledge of Mothers in Management of Diarrhea in Under-Five Children, in Kashan, Iran. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2013;2(1):158-62.

Padhy S, Sethi RK, Behera N. Mother’s knowledge, attitude and practice regarding prevention and management of diarrhoea in children in Southern Odisha. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2017 May;4(3):966-71.

Gupta P, Murali MV, Seth A. Epidemiology of diarrhea in urban slums. Indian Pediatr. 1998 Feb;35(2):147-51.

Yilgwan CS, Okolo SN. Prevalence of diarrhea disease and risk factors in Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2012;11:217-21.

Hbatu M, Nsabimana J, Mureithi C. Factors Contributing to Diarrheal Diseases among Children Less than Five Years in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. J Trop Dis. 2017;5:238.

Mukhtar M, Ibrahim M, Izham M, Pathiyil RS. A survey of mothers' knowledge about childhood diarrhoea and its management among a marginalised community of Morang, Nepal. Australas Med J. 2011;4(9):474-9.

Tumwine JK, Thompson J, Katua-Katua M, Mujwajuzi M, Johnstone N, Porras I. Diarrhoea and effects of different water sources, sanitation and hygiene behaviour in East Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2002; 7(9):750-6.

Yassin K. Morbidity and risk factors of diarrheal disease among under-five children in rural upper Egypt. J Trop Pediatr. 2000;46 (5):282-7.

Ogbo FA, Agho K, Ogeleka P, Woolfenden S, Page A, Eastwood J, et al. Infant feeding practices and diarrhea in sub-Saharan African countries with high diarrheal mortality. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0171792.

Shad D, Choudhury, Gupta P, Mathew JL. Promoting appropriate management of Diarrhea: A systemic review of literature for advocacy and action: UNICEF-PHFI Series on Newborn and Child Health, India. Indian Paediatr. 2012;49:627-49.

Cabatbat AM. The effect of health education on the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on the mothers on diarrhea in Barangay, Paglaun, Dumalinao, Zamboanga Del Sur. Available at: http://som.adzu.edu.ph/research/pdf/2008-05-09-10035cabatbat.pdf. Accessed 18 August 2018.

Rehan HS, Kunta G, Khargamaya G. Mothers needs to know more regarding management of childhood acute diarrhea. Indian J Prev Soc Med. 2003; 34(1&2):40-5.

Gorter AC, Sandiford P, Pauw J, Morales P, Perez RM, Alberts H. Hygiene behaviour in rural Nicaragua in relation to diarrhoea. Int J Epidemiol. 1998; 27(6):1090-100.

Sutaria S, Talsania N, Shah C. Study of prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases among under fivepopulation; National J Community Med. 2011;2(1):96-9.

Stanly AM, Sathiyasekaran BW, Palani G. A population based study of acute diarrhea among children under 5 years in a rural community in South India. Sri Ramchandra J Med. 2009;1:1-7.

Fewtrell L, Kaufmann RB, Kay D, Enanoria W, Haller L, Colford JM Jr. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5(1):42-52.

Tambe AB, Nzefa LD, Nicoline NA. Childhood Diarrhea Determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cross Sectional Study of Tiko-Cameroon. Challenges. 2015;6:229-43.

Jensen PK, Ensink JH, Jayasinghe G, van der Hoek W, Cairncross S, Dalsgaard A. Domestic transmission routes of pathogens: the problem of in-house contamination of drinking water during storage in developing countries. Trop Med Int Health. 2002;7(7):604-9.

Progress on sanitation and drinking water 2015 update and MDG assessment. Available at: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/jmp-2015-update/en/ Accessed 28August 2018.

Progress on sanitation and drinking water 2015 update and MDG assessment. Available at: http://files.unicef.org/publications/files/Progress_on_Sanitation_and_Drinking_Water_2015_Update_.pdf. Accessed 21August 2018

Ahiadeke C. Breast-feeding, diarrhoea and sanitation as components of infant and child health: a study of large scale survey data from Ghana and Nigeria. J Biosoc Sci. 2000;32(1):47-61.

Ghosh S, Sengupta PG, Mondal SK, Banu MK, Gupta DN, Sircar BK. Risk behavioural practices of rural mothers as determinants of childhood diarrhoea. J Commun Dis. 1997;29(1):7-14.

Gupta A, Sarker G, Rout AJ, Mondal T, Pal R. Risk correlates of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in slums of Bankura, West Bengal. J Glob Infect Dis. 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):23-9.

Gollar LH, Avabratha KS. Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers of under-five children regarding diarrheal illness: A study from coastal Karnataka. Muller J Med Sci Res. 2018;9:66-70.

Choube A, Bahal SP, Srivastava A, Sharma M. Knowledge and child care practices regarding childhood diarrhea- A cross-sectional study. Ind J Comm Health. 2014;26(3):285-91.

Kadam DM, Hadaye R, Pandit D. Knowledge and practices regarding oral rehydration therapy among mothers in rural area of Vasind, India. Nepal Med Coll J. 2013 Jun;15(2):110-2.

Mahor GR. Knowledge and attitudes of mothers regarding use of Oral rehydration Solution in management of diarrhea. Asian J Biomed Pharmaceutical Sci. 2013;3(21):6-8.

Gupta RK, Nagori GL, Jain DK. Study of knowledge of mothers regarding use and preparation ORS in acute diarrhea. J Evolution of Med and Dent Sci. 2015;4(20):3457-61.

Arora KK, Taran SJ, Gupta N. A cross sectional study: knowledge and practices about diarrheal diseases and ORS in the mothers of under five years children. Int J Pediatr Res. 2019;6(02):58-63.