A study on vitamin D levels in preterm and term neonates and their mothers

Authors

  • Deepa J. Thomas Department of Pediatrics, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Habeeb U. Khan Department of Pediatrics, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Saritha Paul Department of Pediatrics, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Jaidev M. D. Department of Pediatrics, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
  • Pavan Hegde Department of Pediatrics, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200115

Keywords:

Cord blood, Maternal, Preterm babies, Term babies, Vitamin D levels

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin which has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem and yet is one of the most under diagnosed and under treated nutritional deficiency. Despite India being in the tropical zone with plentiful sunlight, there is a wide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.

Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study done in a tertiary care hospital involving 30 mother baby dyads equally divided into term and preterm babies. Maternal vitamin D levels (before delivery) and cord blood vitamin D levels (after delivery) were estimated.

Results: All the mothers had low vitamin D levels, 93% having deficiency and 7% having insufficiency. The maternal vitamin D levels correlated with cord blood vitamin D levels. There was significant correlation between maternal vitamin D levels and cord blood vitamin D levels with maternal age and parity. There was no correlation between maternal vitamin D levels with gestational age, sociodemographic profile or neonatal anthropometry.

Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent even in well-nourished mothers. Vitamin D supplementation may be helpful in antenatal mothers. Larger studies are needed to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in mothers and babies and look for effectiveness of supplementation.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Christesen HT, Elvander C, Lamont RF, Jørgensen JS. The impact of vitamin D in pregnancy on extra skeletal health in children: a systematic review. Acta Obstetricia Gynecol Scandinavica. 2012;91(12):1368-80.

Kassai MS, Cafeo FR, Affonso-Kaufman FA, Suano-Souza FI, Sarni RO. Vitamin D plasma concentrations in pregnant women and their preterm newborns. BMC Pregnan Childbirth. 2018;18(1):412.

Wei SQ, Qi HP, Luo ZC, Fraser WD. Maternal vitamin D status and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Maternal-Fetal Neonat Med. 2013;26(9):889-99.

Cadario F, Savastio S, Pozzi E, Capelli A, Dondi E, Gatto M, et al. Vitamin D status in cord blood and newborns: ethnic differences. Italian J Pediatr. 2013;39(1):35.

Singh J, Hariharan C, Bhaumik D. Role of vitamin D in reducing risk of preterm labour. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2015;4(1):86-93.

Kovacs CS. Maternal vitamin D deficiency: fetal and neonatal implications. Seminars Fetal Neonat Med. 2013;18(3):129-35.

Naik K D, Preetha R, Ramachandran A M, Nath D. Cord Blood Vitamin D levels of Term Neonates. Ind Pediatr. 2015;52(1):75-6.

Marshall I, Mehta R, Ayers C, Dhumal S, Petrova A. Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16(1):208.

Fallahi M, Afjeh A, Saneifard H, Namazi N, Kazemian M, Tabatabaee S. Comparison of vitamin D level in preterm and term infant-mother pairs: a brief study. Iran J Neonatol IJN. 2016;7(1):32-6.

Burris HH, Van Marter LJ, McElrath TF, Tabatabai P, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, et al. Vitamin D status among preterm and full-term infants at birth. Pediatr Res. 2014;75(1-1):75.

Baker P, Wheeler S, Sanders T, Thomas J, Hutchinson C, Clarke K, et al. A prospective study of micronutrient status in adolescent pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutrit. 2009;89(4):1114-24.

Singh G, Singh G, Brar H, Malik S. Vitamin D levels in preterm and term neonates at birth. Intern J Contemp Paediatr. 2017;4(1):48-52.

Holick MF. Vitamin D Deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266-81.

Seto T, Tabangin M, Langdon G, Mangeot C, Dawodu A, Steinhoff M, et al. Racial disparities in cord blood vitamin D levels and its association with small-for-gestational-age infants. J Perinatol. 2016;36(8):623-8.

Merewood A, Mehta SD, Chen TC, Bauchner H, Holick MF. Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2009;94(3):940-5.

Ariyawatkul K, Lersbuasin P. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in cord blood of newborns and the association with maternal vitamin D status. Europ J Pediatr. 2018;177(10):1541-5.

Woolcott C, Giguère Y, Weiler H, Spencer A, Forest J, Armson B, et al. Determinants of vitamin D status in pregnant women and neonates. Canad J Pub Health. 2016;107(4-5):410-e416.

El Koumi MA, Ali YF, Abd El Rahman RN. Impact of maternal Vitamin D status during pregnancy on neonatal Vitamin D status. Turk J Pediatr. 2013;55:371-7.

Kamal S, Jha S, Sharma AK, Kumar D. Study on Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Newborns And Their Mothers in Jharkhand. IOSR J Dental Med Sci. 2016;15(6):1-4.

Kochar IS, Vij V, Sethi A. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in cord blood. J Clin Neonatol. 2019;8(1):10.

Camargo CA, Ingham T, Wickens K, Thadhani RI, Silvers KM, Epton MJ, et al. Vitamin D status of newborns in New Zealand. Bri J Nutri. 2010;104(7):1051-7.

Sathish P, Sajeethakumari R, Balakrishnan D, Muthusami M. Correlation between maternal and neonatal blood vitamin D levels and its effect on the newborn anthropometry. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2016;5:2983-8.

Downloads

Published

2020-01-23

How to Cite

Thomas, D. J., Khan, H. U., Paul, S., D., J. M., & Hegde, P. (2020). A study on vitamin D levels in preterm and term neonates and their mothers. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 7(2), 387–392. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200115

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles