Clinical profile of neonates with congenital malformation born at a tertiary teaching hospital in a Himalayan state of India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193099Keywords:
Congenital malformations, Live neonates, Patterns, Prenatal diagnosisAbstract
Background: Congenital malformations are assuming prominence as a contributor to neonatal and childhood mortality. This study is aimed at identifying the pattern and profile of congenital malformations among neonates delivered in a tertiary teaching hospital in Sikkim which will provide baseline data for future studies.
Methods: A hospital based cross sectional observational study was conducted from 15 October 2015 till 15 April 2017 among live newborns delivered in the only teaching hospital of Sikkim. Out of 2521 neonates delivered, 96 neonates met the inclusion criteria. These neonates underwent a detailed clinical evaluation and appropriate investigations. Data collected were entered into Microsoft excel worksheet 2017, SPSS (version 22) was used for data analysis.
Results: The occurrence of congenital malformations in the hospital was 3.8%. Neonates with major anomalies were 50% and majority of the anomalies were of genitourinary system (23.96%). The relation between gender and congenital malformation was found to be statistically significant with p value <0.05, predominantly affecting male. Only 6.25% of the malformations were diagnosed prenatally.
Conclusions: This study gives data on the pattern and profile of malformation from a geographically isolated place in the Himalayan regions of India which showed some significant variation. It also highlights the lack of adequate facilities for prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformation in these regions.
References
WHO factsheet on Congenital anomalies. available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/congenital-anomalies. Accessed 15 September 2015.
National health portal of India. available at https://www.nhp.gov.in/disease/gynaecology-and-obstetrics/congenital-anomalies-birth-defects. Accessed 2 April 2019.
Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. The Lancet. 2012;379(9832):2151-61.
Oliveira CI, Richieri-Costa A, Ferrarese VC, Vaz DC, Fett-Conte AC. Birth defects in newborns and stillborns: an example of the Brazilian reality. BMC research notes. 2011;4(1):343.
Muga R, Mumah SC, Juma PA. Congenital malformations among newborns in Kenya. Afric J Food, Agric, Nutr, Developm. 2009;9(3).
Ndibazza J, Lule S, Nampijja M, Mpairwe H, Oduru G, Kiggundu M, et al. A description of congenital anomalies among infants in Entebbe, Uganda. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clin and Mol Teratol. 2011;91(9):857-61.
Malla BK. One year review study of congenital anatomical malformation at birth in Maternity Hospital (Prasutigriha), Thapathali, Kathmandu. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2007;5(4):557-60.
European Surveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT). Available at: http://www.eurocatnetwork.eu/aboutus/datacollection/guidelinesforregistration/malformationcodingguides. Accessed 2 April 2015.
Singh A, Gupta RK. Pattern of Congenital Anomalies in Newborn: A Hospital Based Prospective Study. JK science. 2009;11(1).
Wills V, Abraham J, Sreedevi NS. Congenital anomalies: the spectrum of distribution and associated maternal risk factors in a tertiary teaching hospital. Intern J Reprod, Contracep, Obstetr and Gynecol. 2017;6(4):1556.
Sarkar S, Patra C, Dasgupta MK, Nayek K, Karmakar PR. Prevalence of congenital anomalies in neonates and associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. J Clin Neonatol. 2013;2(3):131.
Ali A, Zahad S, Masoumeh A, Azar A. Congenital malformations among live births at Arvand Hospital, Ahwaz, Iran-A prospective study. Pak J Med Scie. 2008;24(1):33.
Baruah J, Kusre G, Bora R. Pattern of gross congenital malformations in a tertiary referral hospital in northeast India. Ind J Pediatr. 2015;82(10):917-22.
Patel KG, Chaudhary C. Study of congenital malformations in newborns: a hospital based prospective study. Internat J Contemp Pediatr. 2017;4(4):1409-13.
Mohammed YA, Shawky RM, Soliman AA, Ahmed MM. Chromosomal study in newborn infants with congenital anomalies in Assiut University hospital: Cross-sectional study. Egypt J Med Hum Genet. 2011;12(1):79-90.
Shawky RM, Sadik DI. Congenital malformations prevalent among Egyptian children and associated risk factors. Egypt J Med Hum Genet. 2011;12(1):69-78.
Taksande A, Vilhekar K, Chaturvedi P, Jain M. Congenital malformations at birth in Central India: A rural medical college hospital-based data. Ind J Hum Genet. 2010;16(3):159.
Hollier LM, Leveno KJ, Kelly MA, MCIntire DD, Cunningham FG. Maternal age and malformations in singleton births. Obstetr and Gynecol. 2000;96(5, Part 1):701-6.
Thaddanee R, Patel HS, Thakor N. A study on incidence of congenital anomalies in newborns and their association with maternal factors: a prospective study. Internat J Contemp Pediat. 2016;3(2):579-82.
Liu S, Joseph KS, Kramer MS, Allen AC, Sauve R, Rusen ID, et al. Relationship of prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy termination to overall infant mortality in Canada. JAMA. 2002;287(12):1561-7.
Garne E, Loane M, Dolk H, De Vigan C, Scarano G, Tucker D, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of severe structural congenital malformations in Europe. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Offic J Internat Soc Ultras Obstetr and Gynecol. 2005;25(1):6-11.
Agarwal R. Prenatal diagnosis of anterior abdominal wall defects: Pictorial essay. Ind J Radiol and Imaging. 2005;15(3):361.
Sinha A, Bagga A, Krishna A, Bajpai M, Srinivas M, Uppal R, et al. Revised guidelines on management of antenatal hydronephrosis. Ind Pediatr. 2013;50(2):215-31.
