Can moms give up bottle feeding?: retrospective analytic study to promote breast feeding

Anil Kumar Sajjan; Ravi Kumar Baradol

doi:10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20191520

Authors

Anil Kumar Sajjan Department of Pediatrics, Shri B M Patil Medical College, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
Ravi Kumar Baradol Department of Pediatrics, Shri B M Patil Medical College, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20191520

Keywords:

Bottle feeding, Breast feeding, Infection

Abstract

Background: Bottle feeding is one of the preventable causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. Children admitted in our hospital analyzed at our center and appropriate advice and guidance for cessation of bottle feeding was given. The objective of this study was to analyses the feeding pattern and the reasons for bottle feeding in children and to help mothers to try and give up bottle feeding and initiate breast feeding.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 200 children less than 2 years admitted to Shri B M Patil hospital for various illnesses was done. Children were divided into 2 groups mainly breast-fed children and bottle-fed group. Both groups were analysed with respect incidence of infection, reason for bottle feeding, age of introduction of bottle feeding, time taken by mother to give up bottle feeing and type of compatible feeding at the time of discharge.

Results: All the mothers could give up bottle feeding in less than 7 days during the hospital stay. 81 mothers were able to initiate breastfeeding of which 4 mothers were able to exclusively breastfeed at the time of discharge. 66 mothers were not able to initiate breastfeeding.71% of children received help with drip-drip method of feeding. Breast refusal was the cause of bottle feeding in 40.13% (59/147) of babies.

Conclusions: Bottle fed children were more prone to infections. All the mothers gave up bottle feeding within 1 week. Drip drop method was the most effective strategy for initiation of breastfeeding.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Hambraeus, Forsum E, Lönnerdal B. Nutritional aspects of breast milk and cow’s milk formulas. In: Hambraeus L, Hanson L, MacFarlane H, eds. Symposium on Food and Immunology. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1975.

Anatolitou F. Human milk benefits and breastfeeding. J Pediat Neonatal Individualized Med. 2012;1(1):11-8.

Lonnerdal B. Breast milk components-effects of maternal diet, genetics and region. In: 44th Annual meeting of ESPGHAN, Italy. 2011.

Innis SM. Perinatal biochemistry and physiology of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Pediat. 2003;143(4):1-8.

Angelsen NK, Vik T, Jacobsen G, Bakketeig LS. Breast feeding and cognitive development at age 1 and 5 years. Archives Dis Childhood. 2001;85(3):183-8.

Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC. Breastfeeding trends and updated national health objectives for exclusive breastfeeding-United States, birth years 2000-2004. MMWR. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report. 2007;56(30):760.

A'alan Hadi Al-zamili. The feeding pattern of infants in Diwaniya. Kufa Med. J 2010;13(2).

Lucena A. Breast milk inhibits germination of candida albicans.101st General meeting of the Am Soc Microbio. 2001.

Oddy WH, Sherriff JL, de Klerk NH, Kendall GE, Sly PD, Beilin LJ, et al. The relation of breastfeeding and body mass index to asthma and atopy in children: a prospective cohort study to age 6 years. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(9):1531-7.

Ravelli AC, Van der Meulen JH, Osmond C, Barker DJ, Bleker OP. Infant feeding and adult glucose tolerance, lipid profile, blood pressure, and obesity. Archives Dis Childhood. 2000;82(3):248-52.

WHO Collaborative Study Team on the Role of Breastfeeding on the Prevention of Infant Mortality. Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: a pooled analysis Lancet. 2000;355(9202):451-5. Available at: https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(00)82011-5.pdf.

Shu XO, Linet MS, Steinbuch M, Wen WQ, Buckley JD, Neglia JP, et al. Breast-feeding and risk of childhood acute leukemia. J National Canc Instit. 1999;91(20):1765-72.

Robert EBSA, Gretchen A, Abdullah B, Laura. Exclusive breast feeding reduces acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums. Pediatrics; October 2001;108(4):1-8.

National family health survey, Ministry of health and family welfare. Govt. of India. 2005-06. Available at: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/frind3/frind3-vol1andvol2.pdf. Accessed 9 December 2018.

Sankar MJ, Sinha B, Chowdhury R, Bhandari N, Taneja S, Martines J, et al. Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and child mortality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104:3-13.

Nishimura H, Krupp K, Gowda S, Srinivas V, Arun A, Madhivanan P. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in rural South India. Int Breastfeeding J. 2018;13:40.

Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, França GV, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):475-90.

National family health survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International. 2016. Available at: http://rchiips.org/nfhs/NFHS-4Reports/India.pdf. Accessed on 12 December 2018.

Li R, Fein SB, Chen J, Grummer-Strawn LM. Why mothers stop breastfeeding: mothers' self-reported reasons for stopping during the first year. Pediatr. 2008;122(2):S69-76.

Cattaneo A, Yngve A, Koletzko B, Guzman LR. Protection promotion and support of breast-feeding in Europe: current situation. Public Health Nutrit. 2005;8(1):39-46.

Fildes V. Breasts, bottles and babies-a history of infant feeding. Edinburgh University Press; 1986.

Baumslag N, Michels DL. Milk, money, and madness: The culture and politics of breastfeeding. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey. 1995.

American academy of pediatrics. policy statement. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediat. 2005;115(2):496-506.

Kramer MS, Kakumer R. Optimal duration of exclusive breast feeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15;(8):CD003517.

Hamdiya AS Al-Fadi, Gamal M Masoud, Breastfeeding among children less than twoyears old in Ahmadi region. Kuwait Med J. 2002,34(4):281-5.

Al-Hreashy FA, Tamim HM, Al-Baz N, Al-Kharji NH, Al-Amer A, Al-Ajmi H, et al. Patterns of breastfeeding practice during the first 6 months of life in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2008;29(3):427-31.

Infant feeding survey. Leeds; The information center; 2005. Available at: https://sp.ukdataservice.ac.uk/doc/7281/mrdoc/pdf/7281_ifs-uk-2010_report.pdf accessed on 19 jan 2019.

Li R, Fein SB, Chen J, Grummer-Strawn LM. Why mothers stop breastfeeding: mothers' self-reported reasons for stopping during the first year. Pediatr. 2008;122(2):S69-76.

Al-Saffar AJ, Mohammad AK. Reasons for Increased Bottle Feeding practicing Among a Sample of Iraqi Mothers of less than 2 years old children from Baghdad. J Misan Res. 2009;6(11):29-41.

Neifert M, Lawrence R, Seacat J. Nipple confusion: toward a formal definition. J Pediatr. 1995;126(6):S125-9.

Righard L. Are breastfeeding problems related to incorrect breastfeeding technique and the use of pacifiers and bottles?. Birth. 1998;25(1):40-4.

Scott JA, Robertson M, Fitzpatrick J, Knight C, Mulholland S. Occurrence of lactational mastitis and medical management: A prospective cohort study in Glasgow. Int Breast Feeding J. 2008;3(1):21.

Bahl R, Frost C, Kirkwood BR, Edmond K, Martines J, Bhandari N, et al. Infant feeding patterns and risks of death and hospitalization in the first half of infancy: multicentre cohort study. Bull World Health Org. 2005;83:418-26.

Kim HY, Han Y, Pyun Y, Kim J, Ahn K, Lee SI. Prolonged bedtime bottle feeding and respiratory symptoms in infants. Asia Pacific Allergy. 2011;1(1):30-5.

César JA, Victora CG, Barros FC, Santos IS, Flores JA. Impact of breast feeding on admission for pneumonia during postneonatal period in Brazil: nested case-control study. BMJ. 1999;318(7194):1316-20.

Mehta A, Rathi AK, Kushwaha KP, Singh A. Relactation in lactation failure and low milk supply. Sudanese J Paediat. 2018;18(1):39.

Brown RE. Relactation with reference to application in developing countries. Clinic Pediatr. 1978;17(4):333-7.

Kesaree N. Drop and Drip Method. Indian Pediat. 1993;30:277-8.

Infant and young child feeding guidelines: 2010. Infant and young child feeding chapter. Indian Acad Pediat. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Final_IYCF_programming_guide_June_2012.pdf. Accessed 12 December 2018.