Comparative study of cord blood lipid profile in preterm and post term neonates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194626Keywords:
Birthweight, Cord blood, Gestational age, Lipid profileAbstract
Background: The fetal-origin hypothesis and fetal programming emphasize the profound and sustained impact of factors related to fetal health on the development of chronic disease in adulthood. Several studies suggested that low birth weight and preterm birth linked to abnormalities in cord lipid profile and higher prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Authors objectives was to estimate and compare cord lipid profile in term, pre-term, and post-term neonates.
Methods: In the study group, there were 200 healthy Polish newborns. Newborn characteristics included sex, gestational age at birth, Apgar score, and anthropometric data (weight and length at birth, neonatal ponderal index, head, chest and abdominal circumferences, placental weight, and placental-fetal weight ratio). Cord blood samples were collected for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG). Information regarding selected maternal factors was collected. Neonates were classified into preterm (<37 weeks) and term (≥37 weeks) based on new Ballard scoring.
Results: The preterm had higher Total cholesterol compared to Term and post term and it was Statistically Significant with a p value of < 0.001. The preterm had higher Triglycerides compared to term and post term and it was statistically significant with a p value of <0.01. The preterm had higher HDL compared to Term and post term and it was statistically significant with a p value of <0.001. The preterm had higher LDL compared to Term and post term it was statistically significant with a p value of <0.001. The preterm had higher VLDL compared to Term and post term and it was statistically significant with a p value of <0.01.
Conclusions: Abnormal intrauterine milieu created by maternal changes during gestation may bear a profound impact on lipid metabolism in neonates, which may account for their differences in lipid profile and anthropometry at birth.
References
Berenson GS, Blonde CV, Farris RP, Foster TA, Frank GC, Srinivasan SR, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factor variables during the first year of life. Am J Dis Child. 1979 Oct 1;133(10):1049-57.
Lauer RM, Connor WE, Leaverton PE, Reiter MA, Clarke WR. Coronary heart disease risk factors in school children: the Muscatine study. J Pediatr. 1975 May 1;86(5):697-706.
Thornburg KL. Fetal origins of cardiovascular disease. Neo Reviews. 2004 Dec 1;5(12):e527-33.
Sawant AM, Shetty D, Mankeshwar R, Ashavaid TF. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in young adult Indian population. JAPI. 2008 Feb 14;56(2):99-102.
Sharma M, Ganguly NK. Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vascular health and risk management. 2005 Sep;1(3):217-25.
Verkauskiene R, Czernichow P, Lévy-Marchal C. Long-term metabolic consequences of being born small for gestational age. Expert Review Endocrinol Metabolism f. 2006 May 1;1(3):439-47.
Jones JN, Gercel-Taylor C, Taylor DD. Altered cord serum lipid levels associated with small for gestational age infants. Obstetrics Gynecol. 1999 Apr 1;93(4):527-31.
Molina M, Casanueva V, Cid X, Ferrada MC, Pérez R, Dios G, et al. Lipid profile in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation. Revista medica de Chile. 2000 Jul;128(7):741-8.
Pardo IM, Geloneze B, Tambascia MA, Barros-Filho AA. Atherogenic lipid profile of Brazilian near-term newborns. Brazilian J Med Biological Resea. 2005 May;38(5):755-60.
Hossain MA, Islam MN, Shahidullah M, Akhter H. Serum triglyceride level in IUGR babies and its comparison with preterm AGA and term normal babies. Mymensingh Med J. 2006 Jul;15(2):180-2.
Lane DM, McConathy WJ. Factors affecting the lipid and apolipoprotein levels of cord sera. Pediatr Resea. 1983 Feb;17(2):83-91.
Misra PK, Tiwari DK, Sharma B, Kaul R. Free fatty acids and triglycerides in normoglycemic low birth weight newborns in early neonatal period. Ind J Pediatr. 1984 Nov 1;51(6):637-41.
Haridas N, Acharya PT. Serum lipid status in neonates. Ind Pediatr. 1984 Apr;21(4):327-34.
Mathur PP, Prasad RA, Jain SK, Pandey DN, Singh SP. Cord blood cholesterol in term and preterm new borns. Ind Pediatr. 1986 Feb;23(2):103-6.
Kalra A, Kalra K, Agarwal MC, Prasad R, Pant MC, Bhatia R, et al. Serum lipid profile in term and preterm infants in the early neonatal period. Indian Pediatr. 1988,25 :977-81.
Dogra J, Sengar GS, Mathur HC, Misra SN. Serum lipids in neonatal cord blood in families with diabetes mellitus type-I. Ind Pediatr. 1988 Mar;25(3):267-71.
Kumar AJ, Gupta A, Malhotra VK, Agarwal PS, Thirupuram S, Gaind BE. Cord blood lipid levels in low birth weight newborns. Ind Pediatr. 1989 Jun;26(6):571-4.
van der Schouw YT, Al MD, Hornstra G, Bulstra-Ramakers MT, Huisjes HJ. Fatty acid composition of serum lipids of mothers and their babies after normal and hypertensive pregnancies. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids. 1991 Dec 1;44(4):247-52.
Kherkeulidze P, Johansson J, Carlson LA. High density lipoprotein particle size distribution in cord blood. Acta Paediatrica. 1991 Aug;80(8‐9):770-9.
Averna MR, Barbagallo CM, Di GP, Labisi M, Pinna G, Marino G, et al. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apoprotein B in umbilical cord blood: cross-sectional study. Minerva Pediatr. 1992 Sep;44(9):395-9.
