Incidence and distribution of congenital malformations in newborns:a hospital based study

Authors

  • Rasheed SM Department of Paediatrics, IIMSR Medical College, Warudi, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra
  • Mohd Haseeb Department of Paediatrics, MGM Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20161488

Keywords:

Congenital malformations, Stillborn, Central nervous system malformations

Abstract

Background:It is considered that the congenital disorders are not a public health problem among the developing countries, however, over the recent years, they are actually experiencing a transition in the epidemiology like significant reduction in infant mortality rates, decline in infections and malnutrition and also a relative rise in morbidity as well as mortality due to the congenital malformations. Present study describes the incidence and distribution of congenital malformations in newborns during the study period at Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

Methods: This study was a hospital based cross sectional study. Seven thousand and twelve (7012) babies born over a period extending from 1st March 1994 to 31st April 1995 at Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra were studied for congenital malformations diagnosed clinically within 3 days of life. Both major and minor malformations were recorded. Minor variations such as capillary haemangioma, mongolian spots, superficial sacral dimples, small umbilical hernias, saddle nose, mild bowing of tibia and hydrocele of the testis were not considered as malformation.

Results:Out of 7012 subjects, 66 newborns (0.94%) were found to be affected with congenital malformations. There was no statistically significant difference between the incidence of congenital malformations in males and females with a male: female ratio of 0.97:1. Central nervous system malformations were the most common and found in 51.66% cases. There was statistically significant higher rate of congenital malformations among stillborn babies (8.54%) as compared to live born babies (0.62%) with a p value less than 0.05. Out of 66 newborns with congenital malformations, 19 newborns had other birth defects apart from the congenital malformation.

Conclusions:Congenital malformations were noted in 0.94% of the newborns at the tertiary care hospital and central nervous system malformations were the most common. 

References

Jones KL. Introduction. In Smith's Recognizable Pattern of Human Malformations. 4th edition. Philadelphia, USA. WB Saunders; 1988:1-9.

Patel ZM, Adhia RA. Birth defects surveillance study. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72:489-91.

Taksande A, Vilhekar K, Chaturvedi P, Jain M. Congenital malformations at birth in Central India: A rural medical college hospital based data. Indian J Hum Genet. 2010;16:159-63.

Abdi R, Khoshkalam M, Farrokh HR. The prevalence at birth of overt congenital anomalies in Urmia, Northwestern Iran. Arch Iranian Med. 2008;11(2):148-51.

Shamim A, Chohan N, Sobia Q. Pattern of congenital malformations and their neonatal outcome. J Surg Pakistan. 2010;15:34-7.

Tomatir AG, Demirhan H, Sorkun HC, Koksal A, Oerdem F, Çilengir N. Major congenital anomalies: a five-year retrospective regional study in Turkey. Gene Molecular Res. 2008;8(1):19-27.

Singh K, Krishnamurthy K, Greaves C, Kandamaran L, Nielsen AL, Kumar A. Major congenital malformations in Barbados: the prevalence, the pattern, and the resulting morbidity and mortality. ISRN Obst Gynae. 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/651783

Hogarth J. Glossary of Health Care Terminology: WHO, Copenhagen, 1978.

David TJ. Pathogenesis of congenital malformations. In: Boyd R, Battaglia FC. Eds. Perinatal Medicine. London: Butterworths; 1983:264-285.

Khanna KK, Prasad LSN. Congenital malformations in the newborn. Indian J Pediatr. 1967;34:63-7.

Stevenson AC, Johnston HA, Stewart MIP, Golding DR. Congenital malformation: a report of a report of a study of series of consecutive births in 24 centres. Bull W0rld Health Organ. 1966;34:1-27.

Verma M, Chaatwal J, Singh D. Congenital malformation-a retrospective study of 10, 000 cases. Indian J Pediatr. 1991;58:245-52.

Mathur BC, Karan S, Vijayadevi KK. Congenital malformations in newborn. Indian Pediatr. 1975;12:179-83.

Kalra A, Kalra K, Sharma V, Singh M, Dayal RS. Congenital malformations. Indian Pediatr. 1984;21(12):945-50.

Saifullah S, Chandra RK, Pathak IC, Dhall GI. Congenital malformations in newborn. Indian Pediatr. 1967;4:251-61.

Tibrewala NS, Pai PM. Congenital malformations in newborn period. Indian Pediatr. 1974;11:403-7.

Grover N. Congenital malformations in Shimla. Indian J Pedia. 2000;67(4):249-51.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-21

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles