Risk factors of pediatric urinary tract infections: an epidemiologic study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20185210Keywords:
Constipation history, Family history, Hypercalciuria, Neurogenic bladder, Phimosis, PUV, Reflux, Renal stone history, Risk factors, Uncircumcision, UPJO, Urinary catheterization, Urinary tract infection, UVJOAbstract
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most prevalent pediatric infection, and if it is not recognized and treated properly, it can cause severe irreversible complications such as renal failure and hypertension. In this research, some of the risk factors of UTIs were compared in children with urinary tract infections.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with the urinary tract infection as the dependent variable and gender, circumcision status, history of urinary catheterization, family history, history of renal stone, hypercalciuria, constipation history, reflux, neurogenic bladder, phimosis, posterior urethral valves (PUV), ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), and ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO) as the independent variables. A total of 405 children were studied in this research. The data was collected using questionnaires, checklists, and examinations. Data analysis was also carried out using descriptive and analytical statistics method in SPSS.
Results: This research revealed the prevalence of urinary tract infection among children with several risk factors, and the common factors were positive family history, history of urinary catheterization, constipation, and other non-anatomical disorders (history of renal stone and hypercalciuria. The most common risk factors regardless of gender and age were non-anatomic disorders that were observed in 147 cases (43.7%) (p-value<0.001). Among the non-anatomical factors, constipation was the most common factor observed in 66 cases (16.3%). A higher rate of urinary infection was observed in the uncircumcised male patients than the circumcised patients, and there was a significant relationship between circumcision and UTI.
Conclusions: In this study, urinary tract infection staged a significant relationship with gender, circumcision status, urinary catheterization history, family history, renal stone history, hypercalciuria, history of constipation, reflux, neurogenic bladder, phimosis, PUV, UPJO, and UVJO.
References
Sorkhi H. Vesicouretral reflux in children with UTI. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2000;2(1).
Yousefi P, Cyrus A, Moghaddasi Z, Dorreh F, Aravand A. The frequency of recurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in 1-month to 12-year-old children without congenital abnormalities referred to Arak Amir Kabir Hospital. ZUMS J. 2011;19(76):66-76.
Shaikh N, Morone NE, Bost JE, Farrell MH. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(4):302-8.
Jack D. Sobel, Donald Kaye. Urinary Tract Infection. In: Gerald L. Mandel, John E. Bennet, et al. Principles and practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed; 2005:875-902.
Langley, Joanne M. Defining urinary tract infection in the critically ill child [Definitions of Specific Infections]. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005;6(3):S25-9.
Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW, Baskin M, Kearney DH, Wald ER. Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. New Eng J Med. 2003;348(3):195-202.
Bachur R, Harper MB. Reliability of the urinalysis for predicting urinary tract infections in young febrile children. Arch Pediatric Adolesc Med. 2001;155:60-5.
Kavitha J, Aravind MA, Jayachandran G, Priya S. Risk factors for urinary tract infection in pediatric patients. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2018;5:184-9.
Gheissari A, Adjoodani T, Eshraghi P. Hypercaciuria, a promoting factor of urinary tract infection in children. Urol Ann. 2009;1:52-5.
Hoque SA, Islam MT, Ahmed F, Hanif M, Islam S, Matin MA. Impact of constipation in children on urinary tract infection (UTI). Bangla J Child Heal. 2010;34(1):17-20.
