Study of tuberculosis in HIV positive children in a tertiary care hospital of Odisha

Authors

  • Ajaya Kumar Gahan Department of Pediatrics, SCB Medical and Hospital Cuttack, Odisha, India
  • Jyoti Ranjan Champatiray Department of Pediatrics, SCB Medical and Hospital Cuttack, Odisha, India
  • Saroj Kumar Satpathy Department of Pediatrics, SCB Medical and Hospital Cuttack, Odisha, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20172669

Keywords:

Co-infection, HIV, Tuberculosis

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis and HIV have been closely linked since the emergence of AIDS. Worldwide, TB is the most common opportunistic infection affecting HIV seropositive individuals and it remains the most common cause of death in patients with AIDS. HIV infection has contributed to a significant increase in the worldwide incidence of TB. So, an attempt was made in the present study to know the magnitude/extent of tuberculosis, associated clinical patterns, epidemiological factors and outcomes in HIV positive children attending the ART Centre of SCB medical college and hospital, Cuttack.

Methods: A tertiary care hospital based prospective study was carried out in 50 children between 6 months to 14 years of age for a period of 2 years.

Results: Most of the cases were less than 6 years old. TB was more common in male children than in females. Most cases were from rural areas. Majority belong to Class IV (Upper Lower) and Class V(Lower) socio-economic class. Most had Grade II and Grade III malnutrition as per IAP classification. Definite history of contact and recent infection was present in most. Majority (75%) had pulmonary tuberculosis. Pleural variant was predominant in extra-pulmonary form followed by TB lymphadenitis and disseminated forms. 5% had both PTB and EPTB. Most cases were un vaccinated. Common clinical features were fever, cough, FTT, chronic diarrhoea. Disseminated TB was common in unvaccinated group. Recovery pattern was almost similar in vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Most of the PTB cases were cured of the disease with only 2 deaths in this group whereas the number of deaths, children going LAMA and development of MDR-TB was more in disseminated forms.

Conclusions: Occurrence of TB is high in HIV positive cases. EPTB is common in unvaccinated cases. TB is common in rural and underprivileged children. Drug compliance is poor in disseminated forms. Mortality is high in disseminated forms. Sequele is more in disseminated forms of TB. 

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Published

2017-06-21

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